Sanhedrin Nursery – Garden Blog

• The average date of the last frost in Willits is May 12. So protect young flowers and vegetables on clear, cold nights.

• Hang up Codling moth traps now to reduce the number of wormy apples in your harvest this year.

• Fertilize established roses now and begin spraying them for insect and disease problems. Neem oil is a very effective, less toxic spray that works against both insects and diseases.

• Petunias can be planted now. Their bright flowers will bloom all summer in hot, sunny locations and they will take a light frost.

• Flowering dogwood trees are blooming now to help you choose a beautiful small tree for a focal point in your garden.

Heirloom and Heritage Plants

Heirloom plants are all around us: ancient oak trees towering over our parks, antique roses growing wild in the cemetery, the cascading Bridal Wreath Spiraea that came with your home, California poppies on the hillside, Tiger lilies along the fence row or Butternut squash in the market. So what makes a plant an heirloom?

It is generally agreed that heirloom flowers are open-pollinated varieties that originated fifty or more years ago. Heirloom vegetables are open-pollinated varieties that were commonly grown during earlier periods in human history, but are not used in modern large-scale agriculture.

Many gardeners consider 1951 to be the latest year a plant can have originated and still be called an heirloom, since that year marked the widespread introduction of the first hybrid varieties.

Open-pollinated plants are fertilized by insects, hummingbirds or the wind, and the resulting seeds will produce plants that are identical or very similar to the parent plant. Open pollination allows the same cultivar to be grown simply from seed for many generations.

Old roses and trees are usually referred to as “heritage” plants. Heritage roses are roses that originated in the mid 19th century or earlier. Varieties that date from 1860 or earlier are also referred to as antique roses.

Heritage trees may be trees of exceptional size, form, or rarity; a tree recognized by virtue of its age; or trees that are landmarks of a community. When trees are designated as heritage trees by city ordinance, it gives them protection from being severely pruned or cut down.

The term “heritage” is a much broader term than “heirloom” and can mean whatever you want it to mean. For example, Heritage Perennials® is the name of a line of perennials which includes many new hybrids whose “unlicensed propagation is prohibited.” Such a plant would not be classified as an “heirloom” plant.

In California, the term “heritage plant” is used to refer to plants that still exist from the time of the padres.

So why should we be interested in these plants? Many gardeners choose heirloom vegetables for their flavor. They want a tomato that tastes like a real tomato. They do, however, have a shorter shelf life and are less disease resistant than most hybrid tomatoes.

Growing heirloom flowers helps make certain that every generation can enjoy the blossoms that were grown in yesteryear. They offer a living connection with gardeners of the past: the pioneers, Thomas Jefferson, medieval monks, Chinese emperors, or maybe your own grandmother.

The attractiveness of old roses is their disease resistance, their wonderful fragrances, and their graceful growth habit that makes them ideally suited for the informal garden.

Many heirloom plants are rare, endangered, and in need of your help since the only way to preserve these living artifacts – and their incredible genetic resources – is to grow them!

• Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce and other cool season crops should be planted this month for delicious spring harvests.

• Plant potatoes! St. Patrick’s Day is a traditional day to plant potatoes, so the season is upon us now.

• Peach and plum trees are still available as bare-root trees, but only for a short while longer. Start your orchard now!

• Asparagus will provide you with delicious, low-priced spears for years to come if you plant them now from dormant crowns.

• Plant sweet peas for bouquets of delightful, fragrant flowers.

New Rose Lineup

Each spring brings bright new rose varieties for the rose enthusiasts to add to the garden. This year there are some real beauties to tempt you with their colors and fragrances.

‘Coretta Scott King’™ is a graceful beauty named to honor author, activist and human rights leader, the late Mrs. Coretta Scott King. Her long, pointed buds spiral open to reveal creamy white blooms blushed with tropical tones of coral-orange. Excellent disease-resistant foliage compliments the long pointed buds that open to 4-inch flowers in clusters on this upright grandiflora rose.

From Weeks Roses’ Fragrant Rose Collection we have ‘Sugar Moon’™, an elegant, pure white hybrid tea rose. Intensely sweet citrus blossom and rose fragrance, dark glossy green foliage with very good disease resistance, and large flowers on long cutting stems make this a perfect addition for a cutting garden.

The bright red, white and burgundy flowers of ‘Rock & Roll’™ will add some spice to your rose garden. Its creamy buds open to reveal wild stripes of burgundy, red and white and the strong rose and fruit fragrance will set you back on your heels. With deep glossy green leaves and very good disease resistance, this is a rose you will enjoy for years to come.

The heavy, old-rose fragrance of ‘Melody Parfumée’™ reminds you of a French perfume. Its deep plum colored buds unfurl to richly purple blossoms softening to lavender chiffon. This exceptional rose also boasts dark green, disease-resistant foliage, and clusters of flowers on this grandiflora rose.

A new novelty rose is called ‘Bull’s Eye.’ The white buds of this shrub rose open to reveal a cranberry eye surrounding the yellow stamens in the middle. The 2½ to 3″ flowers have a moderate spicy fragrance and the plants have excellent black spot resistance.

A most unusual new rose is ‘Koko Loko’™. This sweet florabunda rose opens with milky chocolate-colored buds to a creamy, latte-like color and then matures to a soft lavender blossom. This small plant will give you lots of excellent cut flowers.

Of course every rose garden also needs some of the tried and true champions. ‘Mister Lincoln’ is a dark red rose with fragrance, disease-resistance and beauty. ‘Peace’ is a soft yellow to pink rose that has set the standard with its large, full flowers.

‘Tiffany’ is a pure pink rose with a heavy fragrance and beautiful cutting flowers. And ‘Chicago Peace’ has very large, double flowers in a gaudy blend of phlox pink and canary yellow. These heritage roses will add sparkle and charm to any rose garden.

So make room in your garden for some of these beauties, and look forward to the show!

• Fragrant daphne is an early-blooming shrub that will delight you with its strongly scented blooms each spring. Plant it in well-drained soil.

• Prune Hydrangeas now by removing old flower heads down to the first new leaves. Don’t prune stems which have no old flowers, and they will bloom first this summer.

• Apple trees are still available as bare-root trees, but only for a short while longer. Start your orchard now!

• Forsythia, with its bright yellow flowers, is one of the first shrubs to bloom in the spring. Plant one in a sunny spot where you can enjoy its cheery flowers.

• Last chance for asparagus roots this year. Prepare a fertile bed for these long-lived vegetables.

Time to Plan the Garden

With the drought crippling some of the main agricultural areas of California, the state that produces a third of the country’s fruits and vegetables, this may be the year to plant your own vegetable garden. Mendocino County has a fairly good water supply with recent rains, and with food prices on the rise, now is a the time to get started.

Start with a plan, whether a simple one or a complex diagram, so that you’ll be ready to begin planting when the weather permits. You need to decide what you are going to plant and when you are going to plant it.

Vegetables can be divided into warm season crops and cool season crops. Cool season crops include broccoli, cabbage, Swiss chard, spinach, lettuce, peas, carrots, onions, beets and potatoes. Some warm season crops are tomatoes and peppers, squash, cucumbers, melons, corn and beans.

Cool season vegetables can be planted directly into the garden in March. These hardy plants can stand the frosts that continue through March and April.

Warm season vegetables can be planted in the garden beginning in May. The average date of the last frost in Willits is May 12th, and sometimes there are killing frosts through the month of May. So you need to be prepared to protect young transplants and seedlings until summer arrives.

You can also plant some of the cool season vegetables for a fall crop, but these must be set out in August in order to fruit before the very cold weather arrives in mid-November. Part of your garden plan should leave room for these fall vegetables. In our climate, if you wait until the summer crops come out before you plant the fall crops, it will be too late.

First decide which vegetables your family eats and have some idea of how much. Do you eat one head of lettuce a week or three? Then determine how much produce you want to can, freeze, dry, or store. Successive plantings of certain crops, such as beans, will give a longer harvest period and increase your yield.

Try not to plant vegetables from the same family (peas and beans or squash and pumpkin) in exactly the same location in the garden more often than once in three years. Rotation prevents the buildup of insects and diseases. Use your previous years’ plans as guides for rotating crops.

A good vegetable garden must have at least 6 hours of full sun each day. Eight to 10 hours a day is ideal. No amount of fertilizer, water, or care can replace needed sunshine.

An area that gets less sun can successfully grow beets, chard, carrots, radishes, cabbage, spinach and lettuce.

Once you have a plan laid out, visit your local nursery to choose seeds from the seed racks and you will be ready to plant. You will also find transplants there in season and plenty of help for new gardeners. Happy gardening!